English Language Writing Skills

By Danso Kwasi Nti Samuel (DAS). Study the complete course source, examine every model and practise alongside Professor Jarvis.

Course printed page 27 PDF page 33 of 505

For tables, matching columns, IPA and original formatting, open the course PDF above.

3. Use Fricatives in Connected Speech

In connected speech, fricatives often blend smoothly with adjacent sounds.

Example: He has a fine view. (The /v/ in view follows smoothly from the /f/ in fine.)

Producing Consonant Sounds in Context (Nasals and Affricates)

Nasals are consonant sounds produced by blocking airflow in the mouth and allowing it to

pass through the nose.

The primary nasal sounds in English are /m/, /n/, and /ŋ/.

Affricates are complex sounds that begin as plosives and release into fricatives. The primary

affricates in English are /ʧ/ (as in church) and /ʤ/ (as in judge).

1. Distinguish Between Nasal Sounds in Context (e.g., /m/, /n/)

/m/ is produced by closing both lips and allowing air to escape through the nose.

 Examples: man, moon, come

/n/ is produced by placing the tongue against the alveolar ridge and allowing air to escape

through the nose.

Examples: nose, net, can

/ŋ/ is produced by placing the back of the tongue against the velum (soft palate) and

allowing air to escape through the nose.

Examples: song, ring, king

2. Distinguish Between Affricates in Context (e.g., /ʧ/ and /ʤ/)

/ʧ/ is a voiceless affricate produced by stopping the airflow with the tongue at the alveolar

ridge, then releasing it into a fricative sound.

 Examples: chair, chip, watch