Economics: SHS/WASSCE β ABCE β University
Every teaching slide now ends with a compulsory 10-question mastery test. Learners pass each slide, complete a full examination at the end of every module, sit a final examination for each pathway, and unlock a DAS Economics Certificate of Completion after satisfying all requirements.
Course Progress
0 of 91 lessons completed β’ 0/19 module exams passed β’ 0/4 finals passed.
NaCCA SHS 1 β’ Consumer Rational Decision Making
Foundations, scarcity, choice, demand and consumer behaviour for the first NaCCA Economics strand.
Economics as a Social Science and Basic Economic Problems
Meaning, scope and methods of economics; positive and normative statements; microeconomics and macroeconomics; wants, resources and the central economic problem, using Ghanaian…
Scarcity, Choice, Scale of Preference and Opportunity Cost
Scarcity, choice, scale of preference, opportunity cost and rational allocation of scarce resources. Emphasise decision tables, trade-offs and real-life applications.
Production Possibility Frontier and Resource Allocation
Production possibility frontier/curve, attainable and unattainable combinations, efficiency, unemployment of resources, opportunity cost, shifts in productive capacity and resource allocation.
Demand: Law, Schedule, Curve and Function
Meaning of demand, effective demand, individual and market demand, law of demand, schedules, curves, simple demand functions, determinants, movement along and shifts…
Consumer Behaviour: Utility and Rational Choice
Utility, total and marginal utility, law of diminishing marginal utility, rational consumer choice, consumer equilibrium at an introductory SHS level and practical…
Module 1 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
NaCCA SHS 1 β’ Firms, Supply and Markets
Production decisions, supply, market interaction and price determination.
Factors of Production, Productivity and Entrepreneurship
Land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship; rewards to factors; productivity; mobility; human capital; how firms combine resources.
Production, Division of Labour and Location of Firms
Meaning and stages of production, specialisation, division of labour, advantages and limitations, location and localisation of industry, and Ghanaian production examples.
Supply: Law, Schedule, Curve and Function
Meaning and law of supply, individual and market supply, schedules, curves, functions, determinants, movement along and shifts of supply.
Market Demand and Supply
Combine individual schedules into market demand and supply; interpret tables and graphs; explain shortages, surpluses and market signals.
Price Determination and Market Equilibrium
Equilibrium price and quantity, changes in equilibrium, simultaneous demand-and-supply shifts, simple algebraic equilibrium and graphical analysis.
Module 2 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
NaCCA SHS 1 β’ Macroeconomy, Finance and Trade
National output, inflation, unemployment, money, public finance, agriculture, industry and trade.
National Output, Income and Expenditure
GDP, national output, income and expenditure, basic circular flow, nominal versus real values, and why national aggregates matter.
Inflation, Unemployment and Exchange Rates
Meaning, measurement and effects of inflation and unemployment; basic exchange-rate concepts; household, firm and government implications.
Money, Banking and Financial Institutions
Functions and characteristics of money; commercial banks, central bank, non-bank financial institutions, savings, credit and the role of finance.
Public Finance: Taxation, Spending and Budgets
Government revenue and expenditure, direct and indirect taxes, progressive/proportional/regressive taxes, budgets, public borrowing and basic fiscal choices.
Agriculture, Industrialisation and International Trade
Role and challenges of agriculture, industrialisation, domestic and international trade, specialisation, exports/imports and links to Ghanaβs development.
Module 3 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
NaCCA SHS 2 β’ Consumer and Firm Analysis
Second-year depth in elasticity, consumer decisions, costs, revenue, market structure and intervention.
Elasticity of Demand and Supply
Price, income and cross elasticity of demand; price elasticity of supply; calculations, determinants, interpretation, total revenue and practical applications.
Advanced Consumer Behaviour and Demand Analysis
Utility-based choice, budget constraints at an accessible level, consumer surplus, changes in income/prices and connections between consumer choice and demand.
Costs, Revenue and Profit
Fixed/variable/total/average/marginal cost; total/average/marginal revenue; profit; short-run decisions; tables, curves and numerical applications.
Market Structures and Business Behaviour
Perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly; characteristics, pricing, output decisions and implications for consumers.
Government Intervention in Markets
Taxes, subsidies, price ceilings, price floors, regulation and public provision; diagrams showing intended and unintended effects.
Module 4 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
NaCCA SHS 2 β’ Macroeconomic Policy and External Sector
National income, money and policy, public debt, trade, payments and development.
National Income Measurement and Circular Flow
Methods of measuring national income, injections and leakages, circular flow, double counting, limitations and interpretation of national-income data.
Money Supply, Credit and Monetary Policy
Money supply, credit creation at introductory level, central-bank instruments, monetary-policy transmission, inflation control and growth trade-offs.
Fiscal Policy and Public Debt
Expansionary and contractionary fiscal policy, budget balance, public debt, taxation/spending effects and policy evaluation.
International Trade, Balance of Payments and Exchange Rates
Comparative advantage at SHS level, trade benefits and restrictions, balance of payments, exchange-rate movements and policy responses.
Economic Growth, Development and Structural Change
Growth versus development, development indicators, productivity, human capital, structural transformation, inequality and sustainable development.
Module 5 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
NaCCA SHS 3 β’ Advanced Economic Analysis
Third-year synthesis of consumer, producer, market, macroeconomic and trade analysis.
Consumer Equilibrium and Demand Applications
Deeper consumer equilibrium, utility and demand applications, elasticity-based decisions, taxes/subsidies and welfare interpretation.
Production Theory and Economies of Scale
Short-run and long-run production, total/average/marginal product, diminishing returns, economies and diseconomies of scale, productivity decisions.
Market Structure Analysis and Price Discrimination
Compare market structures using cost/revenue reasoning; monopoly power, price discrimination and efficiency/welfare implications at SHS level.
Macroeconomic Equilibrium, Inflation and Unemployment
Aggregate demand/aggregate supply reasoning, macroeconomic equilibrium, demand-pull/cost-push inflation, unemployment and policy trade-offs.
Trade Policy, Economic Integration and Globalisation
Tariffs, quotas, protection arguments, trade liberalisation, regional integration, ECOWAS, globalisation and developing-economy implications.
Ghanaian Economy: Agriculture, Industry, Services and Policy
Apply economic theory to Ghanaβs productive sectors, employment, public policy, trade and development using evidence supplied in the lesson or assessment.
Module 6 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
WASSCE Economics β’ Examination Mastery
Data interpretation, calculations, essays and full-syllabus integration for WAEC-style practice.
Economic Data Interpretation: Tables, Charts and Graphs
Read and interpret demand/supply tables, indices, national-income tables, inflation/unemployment data, charts and economic graphs; calculate changes and justify conclusions.
Quantitative Economics for WASSCE
Percentage change, index numbers, elasticity, national-income arithmetic, multiplier-style calculations, exchange-rate calculations and other senior-secondary quantitative skills.
WASSCE Data-Response and Essay Technique
Plan definitions, diagrams, chains of reasoning, application, analysis and balanced evaluation; practise timed data-response and structured/essay answers.
WASSCE Economics Full Syllabus Revision
Integrated revision across NaCCA strands with diagnostic questions, misconception repair, mixed practice and examination strategy.
Module 7 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
NaCCA SHS / WASSCE Economics β’ Final Examination
Unlocked after all lessons and all module examinations in this pathway are completed. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
WAEC ABCE β’ Principles of Economics I
Core microeconomic principles required for Advanced Business Certificate Economics.
ABCE Meaning, Scope, Methodology and Economic Principles
Meaning and scope of economics, economic methodology, basic concepts, tools and the use of theory to analyse business and social decisions.
ABCE Consumer Behaviour: Utility and Indifference Analysis
Cardinal utility, marginal utility, consumer equilibrium, ordinal utility, indifference curves, budget lines, income/substitution effects, normal, inferior and Giffen goods.
ABCE Demand and Supply Analysis
Individual and market demand/supply, functions, shifts, equilibrium using graphs and algebra, price controls, taxes and subsidies.
ABCE Elasticity of Demand and Supply
PED, YED, XED and PES, determinants, calculations, revenue effects, business decisions and incidence of taxation.
ABCE Production Theory and Cost
Production functions, TP/AP/MP, diminishing returns, short- and long-run costs, isoquants, isocosts, returns to scale and economies/diseconomies.
ABCE Revenue, Profit and Market Structures
TR/AR/MR, accounting versus economic profit, perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, profit maximisation, alternative objectives and price discrimination.
Module 8 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
WAEC ABCE β’ Principles of Economics II
Macroeconomics, finance, public finance, labour and international economics.
ABCE National Income and Product
Circular flow, national-income concepts and measurement, real/nominal values, consumption, saving, investment, equilibrium income and multiplier analysis.
ABCE Consumption, Saving, Investment and Multiplier
Consumption and saving functions, APC/APS/MPC/MPS, determinants of investment, equilibrium output and multiplier calculations.
ABCE Money, Banking, Credit Creation and Inflation
Demand/supply of money, price indices, quantity theory, commercial and central banking, credit creation, monetary policy and inflation.
ABCE Public Finance and Fiscal Policy
Public revenue and expenditure, taxation principles and incidence, budgets, debt and fiscal-policy analysis.
ABCE Labour Market, Population and Unemployment
Labour supply/demand, wages, population, unemployment and underemployment, causes, consequences and policy responses.
ABCE International Trade, Payments and Finance
Absolute/comparative advantage, terms of trade, balance of payments, exchange rates and roles of institutions such as IMF, World Bank and AfDB.
Module 9 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
WAEC ABCE β’ Applied Economics
Apply economic theory to growth, West Africa, government, finance, trade, integration and industrialisation.
ABCE Economic Growth and Development
Growth and development concepts, measures, causes, constraints, development strategies and policy evaluation.
ABCE Natural Resources, National Income and Product
Resource endowment, exploitation, sustainability, structural change and national-product issues in developing economies.
ABCE Money, Banking and Finance in West Africa
Financial systems in West Africa, central/commercial banking, capital and money markets, financial inclusion and policy challenges.
ABCE Public Finance in West Africa
Tax systems, public expenditure, budgets, public debt, fiscal administration and development priorities.
ABCE Internal and External Trade and Payments
Domestic trade, external trade, multinational enterprises, balance-of-payments problems, exchange-rate issues and trade policy.
ABCE Regional Economic Integration and ECOWAS
Meaning, stages, gains and challenges of economic integration with emphasis on ECOWAS and West African cooperation.
ABCE Industrialisation and Structural Transformation
Industrial policy, location, small and large firms, manufacturing, technology, productivity and structural transformation.
ABCE Role of Government in the Economy
Market failure, regulation, public enterprises, stabilisation, redistribution, development planning and policy trade-offs.
ABCE Contemporary Economic Issues
Analyse contemporary Ghanaian, West African and global economic issues using current evidence provided by the learner/teacher; do not invent live statistics.
Module 10 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
WAEC ABCE β’ Examination Mastery
Paper 1 principles/data response and Paper 2 applied-economics practice.
ABCE Data-Response Technique
Extract evidence from passages, tables and charts; apply concepts, calculate accurately, build chains of reasoning and answer command words.
ABCE Principles Essay Technique
Plan and write definition, explanation, diagram, analysis, application and evaluation responses under Paper 1 conditions.
ABCE Applied Economics Essay Technique
Apply theory to Ghana/West Africa, distinguish description from analysis, use evidence, evaluate policy alternatives and practise Paper 2 responses.
Module 11 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
WAEC Advanced Business Certificate Economics β’ Final Examination
Unlocked after all lessons and all module examinations in this pathway are completed. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
Undergraduate Microeconomics β’ Consumer Theory
University-level choice theory from preferences to demand.
Micro Foundations: Models, Optimisation and Comparative Statics
Economic models, constrained optimisation, marginal analysis, slopes, derivatives where useful, comparative statics and interpreting economic assumptions.
Preferences, Utility and Indifference Curves
Completeness, transitivity, monotonicity, convexity, utility representations, MRS and indifference-map analysis.
Budget Constraints and Consumer Choice
Budget sets, budget-line shifts/rotations, tangency and corner solutions, Lagrangian setup where appropriate and economic interpretation.
Marshallian Demand and Consumer Surplus
Individual demand from optimisation, comparative statics, demand functions, elasticities and consumer surplus.
Module 12 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
Undergraduate Microeconomics β’ Advanced Choice
Income/substitution effects, revealed preference, uncertainty and intertemporal decisions.
Income and Substitution Effects
Hicksian and Slutsky decomposition, normal/inferior/Giffen goods, compensated demand and welfare interpretation.
Revealed Preference and Choice Consistency
Weak and strong revealed-preference logic, rationalisability and empirical implications of observed choice.
Choice Under Uncertainty
Expected utility, risk aversion, certainty equivalent, risk premium, insurance and simple portfolio decisions.
Intertemporal Choice
Present value, saving and borrowing, intertemporal budget constraints, interest-rate changes and consumption smoothing.
Module 13 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
Undergraduate Microeconomics β’ Firms and Markets
Production, costs, supply, competition and monopoly.
Production Functions, Isoquants and Technical Choice
Short/long run, marginal products, MRTS, Cobb-Douglas examples, returns to scale and technological substitution.
Cost Minimisation and Cost Functions
Isocosts, conditional factor demand, cost minimisation, short/long-run cost functions and envelope intuition.
Profit Maximisation and Competitive Supply
Profit maximisation, factor demand, shutdown/entry decisions, firm and industry supply and long-run competitive equilibrium.
Monopoly and Price Discrimination
Monopoly optimisation, mark-up rules, welfare loss, first/second/third-degree price discrimination and regulation.
Module 14 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
Undergraduate Microeconomics β’ Strategy, Welfare and Information
Oligopoly, game theory, externalities, public goods and information economics.
Oligopoly and Basic Game Theory
Strategic interaction, dominant strategies, Nash equilibrium, Cournot, Bertrand, Stackelberg and cartel incentives.
Externalities, Public Goods and Common Resources
Market failure, Pigouvian taxes/subsidies, Coase reasoning, public-good provision and common-pool resources.
General Equilibrium and Welfare Economics
Exchange economy, Edgeworth box, Pareto efficiency, competitive equilibrium and the welfare theorems at an introductory university level.
Information Asymmetry and Incentives
Adverse selection, moral hazard, signalling, screening, principal-agent problems and incentive design.
Module 15 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
Undergraduate Microeconomics β’ Final Examination
Unlocked after all lessons and all module examinations in this pathway are completed. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
Undergraduate Macroeconomics β’ Measurement and Long Run
National accounts, growth, labour and long-run price dynamics.
Macroeconomic Measurement and National Accounts
GDP and GNI, expenditure/income/output approaches, deflators, price indices, real versus nominal variables, saving/investment identities and data interpretation.
Solow Growth Model and Productivity
Capital accumulation, steady state, population growth, technology, golden-rule intuition, convergence and growth accounting.
Labour Markets and Unemployment
Labour-force measures, frictional/structural/cyclical unemployment, wage setting, natural rate and policy trade-offs.
Money, Inflation and the Long Run
Money demand/supply, quantity theory, Fisher relation, seigniorage, inflation costs and long-run monetary neutrality.
Module 16 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
Undergraduate Macroeconomics β’ Short-Run Fluctuations
Consumption, investment, multiplier, IS-LM and aggregate demand/supply.
Consumption, Saving and Investment
Consumption theories at introductory level, saving behaviour, investment demand, user cost of capital and expectations.
Keynesian Cross and Multiplier
Planned expenditure, equilibrium output, fiscal multipliers, automatic stabilisers and recessionary/inflationary gaps.
IS-LM Model
Goods-market IS curve, money-market LM curve, equilibrium income/interest rate and fiscal/monetary comparative statics.
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Derive aggregate demand intuition, short- and long-run aggregate supply, supply shocks and macroeconomic adjustment.
Module 17 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
Undergraduate Macroeconomics β’ Policy and Open Economy
Phillips curve, monetary/fiscal policy, debt, exchange rates and Mundell-Fleming.
Phillips Curve, Expectations and Inflation Dynamics
Short- and long-run Phillips curve, adaptive/rational expectations intuition, disinflation and sacrifice ratios.
Monetary Policy and Central Banking
Policy rates, transmission channels, inflation targeting, rules versus discretion, credibility and central-bank constraints.
Fiscal Policy, Deficits and Public Debt
Government budget constraint, debt dynamics, multipliers, crowding out, sustainability and fiscal-policy design.
Open-Economy Macroeconomics and Mundell-Fleming
Balance of payments, exchange-rate regimes, capital mobility, open-economy IS-LM/Mundell-Fleming and policy effectiveness.
Module 18 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
Undergraduate Macroeconomics β’ Modern Applications
Business cycles, expectations, crises, development and Ghana applications.
Business Cycles and Macroeconomic Shocks
Stylised facts, demand and supply shocks, propagation mechanisms, output gaps and stabilisation policy.
Expectations, Credibility and Policy Rules
Expectations in consumption, investment, inflation and exchange rates; credibility, time inconsistency and simple policy rules.
Financial Frictions, Banking and Macroeconomic Crises
Credit constraints, bank balance sheets, leverage, financial accelerators, crisis channels and macroprudential policy.
Applied Macroeconomic Analysis for Ghana and Developing Economies
Use macroeconomic models to analyse inflation, exchange rates, debt, growth, employment and external shocks using supplied/current verified data rather than invented statistics.
Module 19 Examination
Comprehensive examination covering every lesson in this module. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).
Undergraduate Macroeconomics β’ Final Examination
Unlocked after all lessons and all module examinations in this pathway are completed. Pass mark: 55% (Grade E).